J.J. Thomson's atomic model, known as the "plum pudding model," proposed that atoms consist of a positively charged "soup" with negatively charged electrons embedded within. However, it was limited in several ways: it could not explain the results of the Rutherford gold foil experiment, which demonstrated that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus. Additionally, Thomson's model failed to account for the discrete energy levels of electrons, as later shown by Bohr's model, and did not adequately explain atomic stability or the behavior of atoms in chemical reactions.
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