How can you give writing emphases and variety?

It depends.. What kind of writing (informational, entertainment, alerts, etc.)? Where are you writing (plain paper, cardboard, concrete wall, etc.)? What is the format of your writing (paintbrush, pencil or pen, computer, etc.)? Context (business, social, artistic, etc.)? I use a computer with a Microsoft TM based program to communicate with my boss, and use various methods of emphases when communicating with him, or when editing manuals. The most common in handwritten plain text is to use underlines, CAPITALS,or script. Using synonyms and variouscolors also help.