What airborne material is not likely to be affected by the filters or indoor air handling equipment?

Ultrafine particles, particularly those smaller than 0.1 micrometers, are less likely to be effectively captured by standard air filters or indoor air handling equipment. These particles can include certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gases, and biological agents like viruses, which often pass through conventional filtration systems. Specialized filtration methods, such as HEPA filters or activated carbon, may be required to reduce their presence in indoor environments.