What are the ingredients used to manufacture skim coat and concrete admixtures retarders and superplasticisers?

Skim coat typically consists of a mixture of cement, fine aggregates (like sand), and water, often with additives to enhance workability and adhesion. Concrete admixture retarders usually include organic or inorganic compounds that slow down the setting time of concrete, such as sugars or certain types of acids. Superplasticizers, on the other hand, are made from synthetic polymers that improve the fluidity of concrete without adding extra water, often based on sulfonated naphthalene or polycarboxylate derivatives.