What are the main stages of solving problems by computer?

There are seven main steps to follow when trying to solve a problem. These steps are as follows:

1. Define and Identify the Problem
2. Analyze the Problem
3. Identifying Possible Solutions
4. Selecting the Best Solutions
5. Evaluating Solutions
6. Develop an Action Plan
7. Implement the Solution

1. This first step is critical. It is essential for each group member to clearly understand the problem so that all energy will be focused in the same direction. A good way to define the problem is to write down a concise statement which summarizes the problem, and then write down where you want to be after the problem has been resolved. The objective is to get as much information about the problem as possible. It may be helpful to divide the symptoms of the problem into hard and soft data

2. In this stage of problem solving, questions should be asked and information gathered and sifted. Do not make the mistake of assuming you know what is causing the problem without an effort to fully investigate the problem you have defined. Try to view the problem from a variety of viewpoints, not just how it affects you. Think about how the issue affects others. It is essential to spend some time researching the problem. Go to the library or develop a survey to gather the necessary information.

3. Identifying possible solutions to the problem is sometimes referred to as finding "Optional Solutions" because the goal is to complete a list of all conceivable alternatives to the problem. Using a variety of creative techniques, group participants create an extensive list of possible solutions. Asking each group member for input ensures that all viewpoints will be considered. When the group agrees that every course of action on the list will be considered, they will feel some direct ownership in the decision making process. This may help put the group in the mood of generating consensus later in the decision making process.

4. Define and Identify The Problem

The starting point in any conscious attempt at rational decision making must be the recognition that a problem exists. While effective meetings are essential to getting work done, most meetings leave us still looking for a decision. A good group meeting should bring the group members together. It should facilitate decision making, assist others in taking responsibility, and contribute to building team effort within the group.

The group begins with defining the problem. The group members only discuss the definition of terms and how the problem relates to other issues. Identifying the problem is very crucial. It is important to not define a problem so broadly that it generates never-ending questions.

5. Evaluating SolutionsThere are several ways to evaluate the chosen solutions, and writing them all down will help the group to choose the best solution to the problem.

Making a T-Chart to Weigh the Pros and Cons of Each Idea

It is often helpful to make a T-chart and ask members of the group to name the pros and cons of each solution. This method will visually illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of each solution. Develop and Assign Weights to Criteria

The key to avoiding possible deadlock in the decision making process is to put all criteria people are thinking about on the table. This way, all group members are clear as to what criteria others are using.

Prioritize the Criteria

The next step is for the group to agree on how important these criteria are in relation to each other. For example, is cost the most important criterion, or low resistance by others, etc. The criteria should then be rated in terms of importance. Assign a number to each criterion so that all criteria together total 100.

Rate Proposed Solutions Using Criteria

Using the four to six possible solutions, score (on a scale of 1 to 10) each solution against each criteria. Repeat this for each criterion. Multiply this score to the weighting, then add the weighted scores for each solution. This exercise will help you to compare alternatives objectively.

6. Develop an Action Plan An action plan is a chart that lists the tasks that need to be done and identifies who will be responsible for each, when and what action is necessary, where to start, and how.

Divide the Solution Into Sequential Tasks

Looking at your solution as one task may seem too great an undertaking. It is much more productive to divide it into sequential tasks which act as measurable steps toward the solution. When dividing the solution into tasks, be sure to include a timeline, what is to be done, and who will do it.

7. Implement the Solution Sometimes the groups who choose the solution are not the ones who will implement it. If this is the case, members who select the solution should clearly explain why they selected it to the ones who will implement it. Showing that the problem solving process was an organized and orderly process will convince others that the solution is valid.