What are the effects of a black rat on the ecosystems?

Black rats (Rattus rattus) can significantly disrupt ecosystems by preying on native species, including birds, reptiles, and small mammals, often leading to population declines or extinctions. They compete with native wildlife for food and resources, and their foraging can damage vegetation and soil structure. Additionally, black rats can introduce diseases that affect other wildlife and even humans, further destabilizing local ecosystems. Their adaptability and reproductive rate make them particularly invasive in many environments.