How did the 1st bull run end?

The first bull run of the American Civil War, which took place on July 21, 1861, ended with a surprising Confederate victory. Union forces, initially confident, faced unexpected resistance and rallied by Confederate troops, leading to a chaotic retreat of Union soldiers. The battle highlighted the war's challenges and dispelled the notion that it would be a short conflict, setting the stage for a prolonged struggle. The aftermath bolstered Southern morale and underscored the need for better preparation on the Union side.