What are five factors contributing to the decline of fish species in the ocean?

Five key factors contributing to the decline of fish species in the ocean include overfishing, which depletes fish populations faster than they can reproduce; habitat destruction, such as coral reef degradation and coastal development; pollution from agricultural runoff and plastic waste, which harms marine ecosystems; climate change, leading to ocean warming and acidification that disrupts fish habitats; and invasive species that outcompete native fish for resources. Together, these factors create a challenging environment for fish species to thrive.