Can a guinea pig live in a box?

In theory, a guinea pig can live weeks in a box with sufficient food and water, but in reality that would be neglecting it and you should only keep in in a cardboard for less than 24 hours. It needs to have exposure to light, air, and sufficient food and water.

And... don't forget they love to chew, so your pig is likely to escape a cardboard box, possibly within hours.