What are the goals of the US federal government and where can they be found?

In its simplest form, the answer to this question is that the goals of the US Federal Government is to guarantee the civil rights of its citizens and enforce all Federal statutes that do this. The specifics of these guarantees that ensure the civil rights of all Americans can be found in the US Constitution. This document provides the details of various Federal functions. It should be made clear that what is not set forth in the Constitution is left to the US States to administer. This is the briefest and most direct answer to both of the questions contained in the original one.