How is consumer utility maximised using indifference curve and budget line?

Consumer utility is maximized at the point where the budget line is tangent to the highest possible indifference curve. This tangency point represents the optimal combination of goods that a consumer can afford, balancing their preferences (indifference curve) with their budget constraint (budget line). At this point, the marginal rate of substitution between the two goods equals the ratio of their prices, ensuring that the consumer is getting the most satisfaction possible given their financial limitations. Thus, the consumer achieves maximum utility by selecting a consumption bundle that lies on both the budget line and the highest attainable indifference curve.