How does resistance in a arise?

Resistance in a material arises due to the interactions between charge carriers (like electrons) and the atomic structure of the material. As these carriers move through the material, they collide with atoms, defects, or impurities, which impedes their flow and converts electrical energy into thermal energy. The degree of resistance depends on factors such as the material's temperature, composition, and physical dimensions. Overall, resistance is influenced by the material's intrinsic properties and external conditions.