After prehistoric man, the next significant phase in human evolution and development was the emergence of the Neolithic period, marked by the advent of agriculture around 10,000 BCE. This transition led to the establishment of permanent settlements, the domestication of animals, and the rise of complex societies. Subsequently, advancements in technology, trade, and governance paved the way for the development of early civilizations, such as those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. These civilizations laid the foundations for modern societies and cultures.
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