The life cycle of ferns and horsetails both involves an alternation of generations, but they differ in structure and reproduction. Ferns typically have broad fronds and produce spores in clusters called sori on the undersides of their leaves, while horsetails have a more segmented, jointed appearance and produce spores in cone-like structures atop their stems. Additionally, ferns usually have a more complex gametophyte stage that is heart-shaped, whereas horsetails have a simpler, less distinct gametophyte stage. Both plants are vascular but belong to different groups within the pteridophytes.
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