Who is responsible for the flourishing of secular literature in the middle ages?

The rise of secular literature in the Middle Ages can be attributed to the developments in vernacular languages and the growing literacy of the urban population. Writers and poets such as Dante Alighieri, Geoffrey Chaucer, and Marie de France contributed to the flourishing of secular literature by creating works that explored themes beyond religious doctrine. This shift towards secular literature also paralleled the emergence of Humanism and the revival of classical learning during the period.