What is Statistical significance in epidemiology?

Statistical significance in epidemiology refers to the likelihood that an observed association or effect in a study is not due to random chance. It is typically assessed using p-values, with a common threshold being p < 0.05, indicating a less than 5% probability that the results occurred by chance. This concept helps researchers determine whether findings from data analysis provide enough evidence to support a hypothesis about health-related behaviors, exposures, or outcomes. Ultimately, it aids in making informed decisions regarding public health interventions and policies.