What are the monomers of proteins and why is their overall shape so important?

The monomers of proteins are amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains. The overall shape of a protein, determined by its sequence of amino acids and their interactions, is crucial because it dictates the protein's function. A protein's specific three-dimensional structure allows it to interact correctly with other molecules, enabling processes such as catalysis, signaling, and structural support. Any alteration in shape can lead to loss of function or diseases.