How does specialisation lead to international trade?

Specialization allows countries to focus on producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, meaning they can produce them more efficiently than others. This efficiency leads to increased output and lower costs. As countries specialize, they produce a surplus of these goods, which they can trade with other nations for products they do not produce as efficiently. This exchange fosters international trade, benefiting all parties involved by providing access to a wider variety of goods at lower prices.