What is epicardial fat pad?

The epicardial fat pad is a layer of adipose tissue located between the heart's outer surface (epicardium) and the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart. It plays a role in providing cushioning and insulation for the heart, as well as influencing local metabolism and inflammation. Research suggests that excessive epicardial fat may be associated with cardiovascular diseases, as it can release inflammatory mediators and affect cardiac function. Its measurement can be an important indicator of heart health and metabolic conditions.