What cause the growth of socialism during the 1800s and the 1900s?

The growth of socialism during the 1800s and 1900s was primarily driven by the adverse effects of the Industrial Revolution, which led to widespread poverty, poor working conditions, and stark economic inequalities. The rise of a working-class consciousness fueled demands for social justice and better labor rights. Additionally, influential thinkers like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels articulated socialist ideas, inspiring movements and political parties that sought to challenge capitalist structures. The expansion of political rights and the spread of education also helped disseminate socialist ideals among the masses.