Why did 1 in 5 babies die after the age of 1?

Historically, one in five babies died after the age of one due to a combination of factors such as inadequate healthcare, poor sanitation, and malnutrition. Infectious Diseases like pneumonia, measles, and diarrhea were rampant, particularly in impoverished areas where access to medical care was limited. Additionally, lack of vaccinations and insufficient maternal education about child health contributed to high mortality rates. Improvements in medical advancements, sanitation, and nutrition have significantly reduced these rates in many parts of the world.