Where does the exclamation point go after a quote?

If it's part of the quote then it goes within the quote. If it's not part of the quote it either goes right behind the quotation mark or behind the thing that leads out of the quotation.

e.g. "where does the exclamation point go after a quote?" was what had been asked.

or it was asked by someone on the internet: "where does the exclamation point go after a quote?".