How did the National Bank Act affect farmers?

The National Bank Act of 1863 aimed to create a uniform national currency and established a system of national banks, which impacted farmers primarily through access to credit. While it facilitated the availability of loans, it also led to stricter lending practices and higher interest rates, making it more challenging for farmers to secure financing. This dual effect often left farmers struggling to manage debts, especially during economic downturns or crop failures. Overall, the act contributed to a more regulated banking environment but also highlighted the financial vulnerabilities of the agricultural sector.