In reviewing several sources I was able to determine the following:
Capers are perennial, meaning they will bloom all year depending on environment.
Only mature plants bloom.
Mature in this case is defined as one to four years, depending which reference you go by.
So if you plant now, you may see blooms in as little as a year, or as much as four.
This also depends on which species of caper you are referring to. here are a few of the estimated 350 species, the list includes common names, and for some countries of cultivation, or where found naturally.
Capparis brevispina - Indian caper
Capparis decidua(Capparis aphylla) - Sodad, Kureel, Pasi, Ker. (India, Arabia, North Africa)
Capparis cynophallophora (C. jamaicensis) Jamaica Caper Tree
Capparis flexuosa L. - Bay Leaf Caper
Capparis horrida (syn. C. zeylanica) Fruits are pickled. Also used as a rubefacient.(Tropical Asia and Malaysia)
Capparis mariana - formerly grown as a commercial crop in Guam.
Capparis micrantha - Melada, Caper Thorn. SE Asia, Indonesia.
Capparis michellii - Aboriginal Pomegranate, Wild Orange (Australia)
Capparis Montana (Aublet) Lemee (syn. Voyara Montana) Tree from French Guiana
Capparis mooni - from India
Capparis nobillis - Wild Lime (Australia)
Capparis ovata - Caper (Mediterranean)
C. pittieri edible fruit (Tropical America)
Capparis umbonata - native to Australia
Capparis sepiaria - Indian Caper (Asia and East African Coasts)
Capparis tomentosa - Kowangee. (tropical Africa)
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