How Does A Dinoflagellate Bloom Cause A Fish Kill?

A dinoflagellate bloom can lead to fish kills primarily through the production of harmful toxins that affect marine life. When these microscopic organisms proliferate in large numbers, they can deplete oxygen levels in the water, leading to hypoxia, which suffocates fish and other marine organisms. Additionally, the toxins released by certain dinoflagellate species can directly harm fish, impairing their ability to swim or breathe. This combination of factors can result in widespread fish mortality during a bloom.