Is Oliver Twist a happy or sad story?

"Oliver Twist" is primarily a sad story, as it portrays the harsh realities of poverty, abuse, and social injustice faced by orphans in 19th-century England. Oliver's struggles for love and belonging highlight the cruelty of his environment, making his journey one of suffering and hardship. However, the narrative also contains elements of hope and redemption, especially towards the end, suggesting that kindness and compassion can prevail despite the darkness. Overall, while it has moments of happiness, the overarching themes evoke deep sorrow and empathy.