When distortion occurs?

Distortion or deformation can occur during welding as a result of the non-uniform expansion and contraction of the weld and base metal during the heating and cooling cycle.Stresses form in the weld as a result of the changes in volume, particularly if the weld is restrained by the fixed components or other materials surrounding it. If the restraints are partly removed, these stresses can cause the base material to distort and may even result in tears or fractures. Of course, distortion can be very costly to correct, so prevention is important. .here are various types of distortion and dimensional change including longitudinal; transverse; angular; twisting and bowing. Two or more types of distortion may occur at the same time