Do call provision make bonds more or less risky?

Call provisions generally make bonds more risky for investors. When a bond has a call provision, the issuer can redeem it before maturity, typically when interest rates fall, which can lead to reinvestment risk for bondholders. This means investors might have to reinvest the returned principal at lower interest rates, potentially resulting in lower returns. Consequently, investors often demand higher yields for callable bonds to compensate for this added risk.