What way have courts used the 14th amendment to limit state power?

Courts have utilized the 14th Amendment, particularly its Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses, to limit state power by striking down discriminatory laws and practices. Landmark cases, such as Brown v. Board of Education, established that state-sanctioned segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause. Additionally, the incorporation doctrine has allowed the Supreme Court to apply protections in the Bill of Rights to the states, thereby restricting their ability to infringe on individual rights. This judicial interpretation has reinforced the principle that states must adhere to fundamental rights and liberties guaranteed to all citizens.