Components used to build the substation?

Substation main components include the following:

1. The power transformer which is the heart of the Substation. It is the Power transformer that steps up (in the case of a step up Substation for transmission) or steps down (in the case of step down Substation for distribution) the voltage e.g. 132/33kV (step down), 33/132kV (step up).

2. The Auxiliary transformer (which is fed from the output of the Power Transformer). This transformer powers the substation accessories and auxiliary equipments such as controls, lighting, Substation control room etc)

3. Disconnecting switch or Isolators

4. Earthing switch for grounding the main line in case there is need for maintenance work

5. Control relays and Protective relays for short circuit, over voltages etc

6. Instrument Transformers e.g. voltage transformers, current transformers that will take current from the main high voltage line in case of an over current on the line and produce a current that the protective relays can operate with.

7. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems for line monitoring and control

8. DC power supply system in the form of batteries for supplying DC loads such as emergency lightings, relays, rectifiers, chargers etc.

9. Lightning arrestors

10. Surge arrestors

11. Switchgears for the high and low voltage levels, AC/DC panels

12. Circuit breakers for the high and low voltage levels