How did imperialism and industry create a western-dominated world economy?

Imperialism and Industry were created by Europeans. They weren't inherently Pro-European or Pro-Western, but the fact that Europeans or Western Civilization (whatever you choose to call it) made them benefit Europe.

Other cultures (mostly Asian ones) have used Imperialism to their advantage. Before 1429, China had a massive treasure fleet that they used to map out all of East Africa as well as almost all of the Indian ocean. But they chose to burn this treasure fleet.

Had the Chinese not done this, they probably would have discovered America by around the same time Columbus did. They could have created their own version of imperialism.

Similarly, today China is economically colonizing Africa. They are retrieving resources and labor while at the same time gaining influence in Africa. Over half of South Sudan's roads are in Chinese-owned oil fields.

Japan formed a Political Colonial Empire during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries and it became a rising power on the world stage.

But to answer your original question, European Colonialism (driven by imperialism) is why today we live in a Western Dominated World.

For more info, check out Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond.