Why must there be an overt act to convict conspiracy?

An overt act is required to convict conspiracy because it serves as concrete evidence that the conspirators have taken a step toward carrying out their illegal plan, demonstrating their commitment to the conspiracy. This requirement helps distinguish between mere discussions or intentions and actionable steps that indicate a true agreement to engage in criminal activity. By necessitating an overt act, the law aims to prevent the criminalization of thoughts or plans that have not progressed beyond mere ideas. This safeguard ensures that individuals are not penalized for simply contemplating a crime without any tangible actions taken.