When did the complex behaviors such as the ability to adapt to a wide range of environments and cultural diversification emerge?

Complex behaviors, including the ability to adapt to varied environments and cultural diversification, began to emerge around 50,000 to 100,000 years ago with the development of modern Homo sapiens. This period, often associated with the Upper Paleolithic Revolution, saw advancements in tool-making, art, and social structures. These innovations allowed early humans to exploit diverse habitats and establish rich cultural practices, laying the groundwork for the complex societies that followed.