What do you do to an article titleIn a essay?

The question can be taken in three different ways, and the following attempts to answer all of them:

The content of the title should be a short description of the subject of the article. Depending on where the article will be published, it might be desirable to have a "catchy" title--one that will attract interest.

The capitalization of the title needs to follow the guidelines of the style manual used by the organization that publishes the article. There are standard rules for titles (in general, capitalize the first Word, last Word, and all "important" Words in between), but some organizations might use sentence-style capitalization.

The punctuation of a title again depends on the style manual you are following, but the most common punctuation is to enclose the title in quotation marks.