Which percussion instrument originally required the player to turn a handle to adjust the tension?

The instrument you're referring to is the timpani, or kettle drum. Traditionally, timpani players would turn a handle to adjust the tension of the drumhead, thereby changing the pitch of the instrument. This mechanism allowed for precise tuning and is essential for achieving the desired sound in orchestral and ensemble settings. Modern timpani often use a foot pedal system for easier and quicker adjustments.