What is TEM TE and TM?

TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic), TE (Transverse Electric), and TM (Transverse Magnetic) refer to different modes of electromagnetic wave propagation in guided structures like waveguides. In TEM mode, both electric and magnetic fields are transverse to the direction of wave propagation, while in TE mode, the electric field is transverse, and the magnetic field has a longitudinal component. Conversely, in TM mode, the magnetic field is transverse, and the electric field has a longitudinal component. These modes are fundamental in understanding wave behavior in various communication and signal transmission systems.