What percentage did babies born in Chicago in 1870 have a chance of living to age of five?

In 1870, babies born in Chicago had a relatively low chance of surviving to the age of five, with estimates suggesting that around 50% or more did not survive to that age. High infant mortality rates during this period were influenced by factors such as poor sanitation, limited medical knowledge, and prevalent diseases. While exact percentages can vary, it is generally accepted that survival rates for young children were significantly lower than today.