What is the function of tramsnission media NIC HUB repeater bridge switch router gateway firewall?

Transmission media refers to the physical pathways (like cables or air) used to transmit data signals. A Network Interface Card (NIC) allows devices to connect to a network, while a hub broadcasts data to all connected devices. A repeater amplifies signals to extend transmission distance, while bridges and switches connect different network segments, with switches being more efficient by directing data specifically to the intended device. Routers manage traffic between networks, gateways facilitate communication between different network protocols, and firewalls protect networks by filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on security rules.