How does overfishing affect the nitrogen cycle?

Overfishing disrupts the nitrogen cycle by removing key species that play essential roles in marine ecosystems, such as fish that contribute to nutrient cycling. The reduction of fish populations can lead to algal blooms, as fewer grazers are available to control phytoplankton levels. This imbalance can result in hypoxic conditions, where oxygen levels drop, affecting other marine life and altering nutrient dynamics. Consequently, the overall health of marine ecosystems is compromised, impacting nutrient availability and cycling.