How does emphysema affect IRV?

Emphysema damages the alveoli in the lungs, leading to decreased elasticity and impaired gas exchange. This results in a loss of lung volume and an inability to fully expand the lungs during inhalation. Consequently, the Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is reduced, as patients have difficulty taking in additional air beyond their normal tidal volume. This limitation contributes to the overall respiratory difficulties experienced by individuals with emphysema.