What is the amount of air beyond tidal volume?

The amount of air beyond tidal volume is known as the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV). Inspiratory reserve volume is the additional air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal inhalation, while expiratory reserve volume is the air that can be exhaled after a normal tidal exhalation. Together, these volumes contribute to the total lung capacity and are crucial for assessing respiratory function.