Background:
The expression is referring to Dodge City, Kansas, a notoriously rough cattle town back in the 1870-80s.
First Usage:
The expression is often attributed to U.S. Marshal Matt Dillon (played by James Arness) on the TV Series "Gunsmoke"(on CBS from 1955 to 1975). At the end of each episode after he defeated the bad guy(s) he'd often tell them something to the effect of "get the hell out of dodge." Likely he never said that exact quote since using "hell" on TV in the 1950s wouldn't have passed the censors.
Variations of Meaning:
The phrase is other times used in the context of a "good guy" needing to get out of dodge because it was becoming too dangerous/rowdy. Additionally the phrase is used to indicate when someone does something illegal and then needs to "get out of dodge" before they are caught (as opposed to being arrested or forced to by the sheriff as the Dillon version suggests).
Use in Pop Culture :
The phrase was used in the 1994 movie, Pulp Fiction, by "The Wolf."
A variation of the phrase ("I tell you, if I were her, I'd get out of Dodge post hasty.") was used by Buffy in "Buffy the Vampire Slayer: This Year's Girl (#4.15)"
Sources:
http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=19990104
http://everything2.com/title/Get+the+hell+out+of+Dodge
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0047736/movieconnections
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