How does the government draw reasonable distinctions in order to apply the equal protection clause?

The government applies the Equal Protection Clause by using a framework of scrutiny levels to draw reasonable distinctions among different groups. These levels—strict scrutiny, intermediate scrutiny, and rational basis—help determine whether a law or policy is constitutional. For instance, laws affecting fundamental rights or suspect classifications like race undergo strict scrutiny, requiring a compelling government interest. Conversely, regulations concerning non-suspect classifications may only need to demonstrate a rational basis to be deemed constitutional.