How did Charles Darwin apply Thomas Malthus's idea about human population to the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Charles Darwin applied Thomas Malthus's idea about human population, specifically the concept that populations grow faster than their resources can support, to natural selection by recognizing that this struggle for survival occurs in all species. He posited that in a given environment, individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual evolution of species. This competition for limited resources results in the "survival of the fittest," where those best adapted to their environment pass on their traits to future generations. Thus, Malthus's insights helped Darwin formulate the mechanism of natural selection driving evolutionary change.