What are the threats to succession?

Threats to succession include environmental changes, such as climate change and habitat destruction, which can disrupt the natural processes of ecological succession. Invasive species can also hinder the establishment of native plants and animals, altering community dynamics. Human activities, such as deforestation and urbanization, further fragment ecosystems and impede the recovery of disturbed areas. These factors collectively compromise the resilience of ecosystems and their ability to undergo successful succession.