How did Europe and the world change after Columbus?

After Columbus's voyages in 1492, Europe experienced a profound shift due to the influx of gold, silver, and new agricultural products from the Americas, which fueled economic expansion and the rise of mercantilism. This period marked the beginning of European colonialism, leading to the establishment of vast empires and the exploitation of indigenous populations. Additionally, the exchange of crops, animals, and ideas, known as the Columbian Exchange, transformed diets and cultures on both sides of the Atlantic. Globally, the interconnectedness of continents set the stage for increased trade, migration, and cultural exchanges that shaped the modern world.