What was the west Africans political structure?

West African political structures were diverse and varied across regions, often characterized by a combination of centralized kingdoms and decentralized tribal systems. Prominent kingdoms, such as the Mali and Songhai Empires, featured strong monarchies with elaborate bureaucracies, where the king wielded significant power supported by a class of nobles and advisors. In contrast, smaller communities often operated through kinship systems and local councils, emphasizing communal decision-making. Trade, agriculture, and social hierarchies played crucial roles in shaping these political entities.