Avoid junk foods and sweetened drinks such as soda. Preferably consume no sugar, and as little added salt and processed foods as possible. Our great-grandparents didn't have the epidemic of obesity we see today, because they had a much more natural diet.
Eat 3 not-large-portioned meals per day; do not skip breakfast; and avoid sugary snacks. Limit your calories (best to consult a doctor or nutritionist concerning the amount), and weigh yourself 2-3 times/week. If you see your weight diminishing at a safe, reasonable rate (1-2 pounds/week), keep it up.
Once you've reached your target weight, increase your calorie intake somewhat, so that you can maintain your present weight. And you can then have small amounts of sweetened foods or junk foodon occasion (if at all), along with your regular healthy foods. But keep checking your weight 2-3 times/week.
Avoid crash diets, fad diets, diet pills, etc. Avoid fatty cuts of meat. Walk as much as possible. Bicycling and swimming are good too.
More guidelines:
Don't concentrate on specific foods so much as on a balanced, healthy diet plus exercise. Plenty of moderate exercise rather than intense exercise, which can damage your joints.
Healthy nutrition means eating what your body needs, while ingesting as few harmful things as possible. It has also been described as getting enough of each of the major food categories, in health forms (grains, fruits, vegetables, protein, dairy, etc.; plus plenty of water).
This will vary somewhat from one person to another; and I don't believe that there's any universal diet that can be prescribed for everyone.
In general, an example of a healthy starting point could be a menu of whole grains, whole-wheat bread, a good amount of vegetables, legumes, some fruits and nuts, fish, lean meats (in not-large amounts), and some dairy. However, this may need adjusting according to one's lifestyle, age, health, weight and other factors at the outset; and also later, as one sees what works for him/her in particular.
Also...whenever you feel queasy, nauseous, constipated or otherwise not completely well, try to remember what you've eaten over the last several hours or the last day. This is one factor in adjusting one's food habits.
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