Factors that can be use to reduce local area network throughput?

Several factors can reduce local area network (LAN) throughput, including network congestion, which occurs when multiple devices compete for bandwidth, leading to slower data transmission. Hardware limitations, such as outdated routers or switches, can also bottleneck performance. Additionally, interference from electronic devices or poor cabling can degrade signal quality, further impacting throughput. Lastly, excessive network traffic from applications or protocols that generate large amounts of data can overwhelm the network and reduce efficiency.