What are the benefits and controversies of GMO seeds?

GMO seeds offer several benefits, including increased crop yields, resistance to pests and diseases, and reduced need for chemical pesticides, which can enhance food security and reduce agricultural environmental impact. However, controversies surrounding GMO seeds include concerns about their long-term health effects on humans and ecosystems, potential loss of biodiversity, and the monopolization of seed supply by a few large corporations, which can adversely affect small farmers. Additionally, there are ethical debates regarding the manipulation of genetic materials and the labeling of GMO products.